Robert Nobel and Julian Birkinshaw. Innovation in Multinational Corporations: Control and Communication Patterns in International R&D Operations. Strategic Management Journal, 19(5):479–496, 1998.
@article{nobel_innovation_1998,
abstract = {This paper addresses issues of global innovation in multinational corporations by examining the patterns of communication and control in international R\&D operations. Using a sample of 110 international R\&D units from 15 multinational corporations, we identify three types of R\&D unit role (local adaptor, international adaptor, international creator). We show that: (1) each type of R\&D unit is managed primarily through a different mode of control; (2) local and international adaptors both focus their communication on their internal corporate network; and (3) international creators have strong internally and externally oriented networks of relationships. The implications for the management of global innovation are discussed.},
author = {Nobel, Robert and Birkinshaw, Julian},
issn = {0143-2095},
journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
number = {5},
pages = {479-496},
shorttitle = {Innovation in {{Multinational Corporations}}},
title = {Innovation in {{Multinational Corporations}}: {{Control}} and {{Communication Patterns}} in {{International R}}\&{{D Operations}}},
volume = {19},
year = {1998}
}