(i) knowledge outflows from a subsidiary would be positively associated with value of the subsidiary’s knowledge stock, and the richness of transmission channels; and (ii) knowledge inflows into a subsidiary would be positively associated with richness of transmission channels, motivational disposition to acquire knowledge, and the capacity to absorb the incoming knowledge.
| Construct | Cites | Category | Questions given? | Content validity | Pretests | Response type | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knowledge out-flows to peer subsidiaries | NEW | yes | interviews with experts | none | 7-point scale from "not at all" to "a very great deal" | ||
| knowledge out-flows to the parent corporation | NEW | yes | interviews with experts | none | 7-point scale from "not at all" to "a very great deal" | ||
| knowledge inflows from peer subsidiaries | NEW | yes | interviews with experts | none | 7-point scale from "not at all" to "a very great deal" | ||
| knowledge inflows from the parent corporation | NEW | yes | interviews with experts | none | 7-point scale from "not at all" to "a very great deal" | ||
| Formal integrative mechanisms | Galbraith, 1973, Nadler, 1987, Miller et al., 1982 | no | interviews with experts | none | 7-point scale from "used rarely" to "used very frequently" | ||
| Lateral socialization mechanisms | Ghoshal, 1988 | yes | interviews with experts | none | binary yes/no | ||
| Incentive focus | Gupta, 1986, Salter, 1973/03//Mar/Apr73 | yes | interviews with experts | none | distributing 100 points | ||
| Vertical socialization mechanisms | Ghoshal, 1988 | yes | interviews with experts | none | binary yes/no | ||
| Headquarters-subsidiary decentralization | Vancil, 1979 | yes | interviews with experts | none | various |
Anil K. Gupta and Vijay Govindarajan. Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 21(4):473–496, 2000. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200004)21:4<473::AID-SMJ84>3.0.CO;2-I.
@article{gupta_knowledge_2000,
author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Govindarajan, Vijay},
doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200004)21:4<473::AID-SMJ84>3.0.CO;2-I},
issn = {1097-0266},
journal = {Strategic Management Journal},
keywords = {knowledge flows,multinational corporations,subsidiaries},
number = {4},
pages = {473-496},
title = {Knowledge Flows within Multinational Corporations},
volume = {21},
year = {2000}
}