D. Harrison McKnight, Vivek Choudhury, and Charles Kacmar. Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology. Information Systems Research, 13(3):334–359, 2002.
@article{mcknight_developing_2002,
abstract = {Evidence suggests that consumers often hesitate to transact with Web-based vendors because of uncertainty about vendor behavior or the perceived risk of having personal information stolen by hackers. Trust plays a central role in helping consumers overcome perceptions of risk and insecurity. Trust makes consumers comfortable sharing personal information, making purchases, and acting on Web vendor advice\textemdash{}behaviors essential to widespread adoption of e-commerce. Therefore, trust is critical to both researchers and practitioners. Prior research on e-commerce trust has used diverse, incomplete, and inconsistent definitions of trust, making it difficult to compare results across studies. This paper contributes by proposing and validating measures for a multidisciplinary, multidimensional model of trust in e-commerce. The model includes four high-level constructs\textemdash{}disposition to trust, institution-based trust, trusting beliefs, and trusting intentions\textemdash{}which are further delineated into 16 measurable, literature-grounded subconstructs. The psychometric properties of the measures are demonstrated through use of a hypothetical, legal advice Web site. The results show that trust is indeed a multidimensional concept. Proposed relationships among the trust constructs are tested (for internal nomological validity), as are relationships between the trust constructs and three other e-commerce constructs (for external nomological validity)\textemdash{}Web experience, personal innovativeness, and Web site quality. Suggestions for future research as well as implications for practice are discussed.},
author = {McKnight, D. Harrison and Choudhury, Vivek and Kacmar, Charles},
issn = {1047-7047},
journal = {Information Systems Research},
number = {3},
pages = {334-359},
shorttitle = {Developing and {{Validating Trust Measures}} for E-{{Commerce}}},
title = {Developing and {{Validating Trust Measures}} for E-{{Commerce}}: {{An Integrative Typology}}},
volume = {13},
year = {2002}
}